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How to Market Your Business with Webinars. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). 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After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. flashcard sets. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. Where did Christopher Columbus first land? However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . Ushered in a new age of sustained global contact; world connected through networks of exchange. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. This compass showed from four to eight directions. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. 1015 Words. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. Spanish and Portuguese exploration brought a variety of Western ideas to the new world, including dress and leadership positions like that of the governor. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?san juan airport restaurants hours Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. spices, of Asia. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? When Corts explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. SE. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. Portuguese explorers were excellent navigators. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. 1524. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). 201-202. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. 1531 In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. Notes FAQ Contact . Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. (1531) Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Want to create or adapt books like this? Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. No products in the cart. . All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes.