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. Chabela, play us a song on your trumpet. Isabels chest tightened. Papi! He was afraid they were going to pull him inside, but instead they deposited him by the door. She was terrified since her worst worries had come true, and then a dazzling light blinded her. This reminds Mahmoud of, might be too old. She was barefoot as usual and dressed in a tank top and shorts. Theres no reason to go throwing yourself onto a raft in the ocean, Lito said. Like this? Despite her grief, Isabel is able to persevere and guide her family to reach the shores of Miami. His thick brown hair and beard had been shaved off, and his head and face were covered with scraggly stubble. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. With a jolt of surprise, Mahmoud realized this kind of thing did happen every day. Mahmoud had been doing his math homework at the kitchen table, but he automatically put his pencil down and went to the sink to wash up. Pak! It hadnt always been this way. Hush, Josef begged her. Tens of thousands of people poured into the streets, demanding the release of political prisoners and more freedom for everyone. There werent any left. Aleppo had been an amazing city to grow up in. He glanced over his shoulder to make sure no one was listening. What are you doing? Mahmouds father dove back into the front seat and yanked the iPhone and the charger cord from the Mercedes just as bullets ripped into the car again. Refugee by Alan Gratz (18) In the seat beside him, Waleed sat up straight next to his open window, unmoving and unfazed. No! Isabel cried. Wouldnt want to be him for all the sugar in Cuba. Josef backed away. He walked on along the promenade, looking for a steward he could tell about the bathroom stalls. Mahmoud and Waleed turned down a different rubble-strewn alley than the day before and stopped dead. It doesnt matter, he said. Across the room, Waleed sat like a zombie in front of the television, watching a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon dubbed into Syrian Arabic. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Youre Mariano Padrons granddaughter, arent you? the fisherman said. Please! Mahmoud cried. Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. She had bright eyes, wild brown hair cut in a bob and parted on the side, and a little gap between her two front teeth that made her look like a chipmunk. Mahmoud screamed and dropped to the floor as broken glass sprayed him. No more getting thrown in jail for disagreeing with the government. But what do you want to do when you get there? Seor Castillo asked. The soldiers might be with the Syrian army, or with the Syrian rebels. The kittens nose sniffed eagerly at the air, and it meowed. He then hears, cry out for help, but the dinghy isnt slowing down. Tools to track, assess, and motivate classroom reading. He couldnt breathe. He decides that it is better to be visible because even though bad people can hurt you, good people can finally help you. They pluck Mahmoud and, Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece 2015, 12 days from home (3). Couples kissed under palm trees. It was an ugly blue thing cobbled together out of old metal advertisements and road signs and oil drums. His home was totally destroyed. Mahmoud stayed in the classroom all day, never going to the bathroom or the playground. It is also worth noting that despite Mahmouds young age, he has needed to take on a protective role for his brother Waleed because of the danger of the civil war going on. Hush, Ruthie. Our father is waiting for us in Cuba, Renata told them. And there were so many boats. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. The entire outside wall of Mahmouds apartment was gone. Josef couldnt wait for his bar mitzvah. Though the three harrowing stories span multiple decades and countries, all three children face a world that treats them as invisible. She can eat the scraps. The fisherman eyed the cat suspiciously. Or else someone will catch her and eat her. long days trying to get to the boat on time, and now it isnt coming. We have to get out of here! Across the hall, the Sarraf family filled the corridormother, father, and twin daughters, both younger than Waleed. and more. Isabel fell into the water and swam the rest of the way to the boat, but her father was already climbing over the side. The old man in the car slows and takes pity on them, offering them a place to stay. Something theyre not telling Schroeder. Just ahead of them, two boys had another boy up against what was left of a wall, about to take the bag of bread he carried. If he was caught again by the police, hed be sent back to prisonand this time they might not let him out. After walking for days, the family finally crosses the border into Turkey, in step with hundreds of other fleeing refugees (3.5 million and counting refugees now live in Turkey). Characters of Refugees Landau, Josef. One of the girls had found a long piece of string and was dangling it over the side, tickling the noses of passengers who were sleeping in chairs down on A-deck. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Isabel stood for what seemed like hours, her insides churning like a waterspout. No. What is the name of the ship Josefs family will travel on? The German train car didnt feel any different than the Jewish car. Josef, a refugee, is somewhere across the Atlantic Ocean, 8 days from home, in 1939. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14 to 15 days from home, Policemen are guarding the border from Greece to Macedonia, and, Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15 to 16 days from home, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 16 days from home, yelling in Arabic that they dont want their filth in Hungary either, calling them parasites., The policeman then says that they will be sent back to Serbia. He used her childhood nickname, like he always did. I parked the car nearby. Fried fish, it smelled like. More ships full of refugees? Youssef, no! Mom cried. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. But everyone seemed to be having fun. Isabel covered her ears and stepped away. "Mahmoud's mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. Because I was just doing my job?. Sajid Javid (/ s d d d v d /; born 5 December 1969) is a British politician who served as Secretary of State for Health and Social Care from June 2021 to July 2022, having previously served as Home . Everyone got quiet as Lito turned up the volume. Papi had to leave Cuba. At last, when they had cried all the tears they could cry, Rachel Landau led her children to her room, put her bed back together, and hugged Josef and Ruth close until morning. Get personalized recommendations. She was sure she had just heard the sound of breaking glass, but cars and bicycles kept streaming by under the bright sun on the Malecn like nothing had happened. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish boy living in Berlin, Germany, in 1938. Mahmoud began without Waleed. Couldnt breathe! Ever since the Soviet Union had collapsed, the only currency most Cubans had were the booklets you got stamped when you went to pick up your food rations from the store. They continue on with only the clothes on their backs and their smartphones, without a car or supplies. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Josef landeau, Isabel Fernandez, Mahmoud Bishara and more. She was barefoot like always, and wore a tank top and shorts. We can wait our turn. The startled man at the front of the line motioned for them to go ahead, and Josefs mother thanked him. Papa was scaring her. Struggling with distance learning? We have to get out of here! Mahmouds mother said, putting Hana in Mahmouds arms. All of the refugees follow and Mahmouds parents catch up as well. Thank God youre safe! he told her. But, the driver stops the car and points a gun at them, demanding almost all of the rest of their money. All Isabel could see was the metal side of the boat in front of her face, but she heard a commotion behind her. In the year 1938, Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish child living in Berlin, Germany. All she could think about was the ninety miles they still had to go, and the water pouring in from the gunshot hole in the side of the boat. of the Havana baseball team the Industriales. They were right. They carried everything they owned with them, sometimes in suitcases and duffel bags, but more often stuffed into pillowcases and trash bags. The motor coughed to life, and the boat lurched into a wave, spraying Isabel with seawater. Or its a twelve-hour car ride, non-stop. Isabels stomach growled. But the good people couldn't help you, either." Alan Gratz Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria 2015 (1). Smoke rose from behind an apartment building. Josef decided to find out. Not because she wasnt good. Josef watched as they dragged Papa away to the sounds of Mamas sobs and Ruths wails. Mahmoud's brother. We didnt want to leave our homes! another man yelled. Above him, what was left of the ceiling light threw sparks. Mahmouds father kept their papers tucked into his pants under his shirt, along with all of their moneythe only other things they owned now besides two phones and two chargers. T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara. Mahmouds father stopped their Mercedes station wagon for gasoline at a little roadside station north of Aleppo. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com, Al-Assad took military action against the rebel Syrians. Mahmoud learns to cope with these conditions by assuming a protective role over Waleed, and by learning to be invisible, keeping his head down and ensuring nobody notices him to survive. Refine any search. Isabel noticed her father and grandfather heading down the road toward the city to stand in line for food. The MS St. Louis was a paradise. But he knew better. Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. Theres no room. The soldiers in the backseat kicked open the door on the left side of the car and spilled outside. These boys had just wanted to beat someone up. to explore the ship. He quickly called over two of the stewards, and soon they had the portrait down and were taking it from the room. his homework. Josef raised himself up. Through the huge hole that used to be the wall of his apartment, Mahmoud saw gray-white clouds from missile strikes blooming all around. View bestsellers, featured, top rated, classics, hidden gems, and new releases. Mahmoud froze. What were you thinking? the boy whispered. Mahmoud and his mother fight to live in the Mediterranean, but the Greek Coast Guard finally saves the family. The desks were wide enough for three students at each, and Mahmoud sat between two other boys named Ahmed and Nedhal. Good and bad things happened either way. Mahmoud caught himself smiling. It was usually held on the first Shabbosthe Sabbath, the Jewish day of restafter a boys thirteenth birthday. No one is coming to help us. By bus? My husband is just eager to leave, she told the sailor. She stood on the wide promenade, where it seemed all of Havana was on display. Lights came on in houses nearby, and curtains ruffled as people looked out at the noise. To get you to Miami? That prompted someone to break out food and drinks, even though it was late. Josef caught his reflection in one of the windows. No station agents stopped to ask if they needed help finding their train. They had played shuffleboard and badminton, and the crew was putting up a swimming pool, which they promised to fill with seawater once the St. Louis hit the warm Gulf Stream. At last! That voice, thought Josef. I should do something, he whispered. She tells Mahmoud that they will find, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Well all go, while Castro is letting people out, she went on. This is Syria, not Iran! Tell me something I dont know, Seor Castillo said. Isabel had caught him at dinner. Then she had it. The way the content is organized, One of the three protagonists of the book, alongside. But Mahmoud was also filled with gratitude. Everyone was afraid of what he would do if the Arab Spring swept through Syria. Renata Aber is Renata Abers younger sister. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. We have to get on that ship. His uncle had worn a tuxedo and his bride had worn a dress of sparkling jewels and a tiara, and they had been escorted by a dozen cars to a party where Mahmoud had eaten a piece of the delicious seven-tiered cake and danced with his mother to a real band. Her lunch hadnt been much bigger than the catsjust a few beans and a small pile of white rice. His brother. When he sees a few United Nations representatives passing by the compound, he shouts and gets their attention. Josef was about to leave when he thought to buy Ruthie a piece of candy. Whats happened? Mr. Sarraf asked Mahmoud, and then he saw the missing wall and his eyes went wide. notice him, maybe pull him and his family out of line. Refugee (Alan Gratz) But by then it will be too late. Mahmoud remembered the horror hed felt when his apartment building collapsed and hed thought his mom was still inside. Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and that's exactly how he wanted it. No! The shadows threw him to the floor. Buy tickets. Dad, our house is gone! Mahmoud told him. Then suddenly a woman screamed, a pistol firedpak!and the world went crazy. He felt the stirrings of indignation, of anger, of sympathy. And together well find her, yes? See the top reviewed local solar panel installation companies in Witzhave, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany on Houzz. Oh, and you have to take the kitten too. She held the wiggling creature out to him, but the old fisherman just stared at it. It was his dad. After Herr Meier had called him in front of the class to show how Jews were inferior to real Germans, Josef had returned to his seat next to Klaus, his best friend in the class. Grabbed for him. I dont know. . A social worker approaches Mahmouds family and asks if they are seeking asylum in Germany (Germany accepted 124,845 Syrian refugees in 2017 and the EU as a whole accepted 538,000 total refugees). Josef's story begins when Josef's father Aaron gets taken away on Kristallnacht and is sent to the Dachau concentration camp by Nazi Stormtroopers. Some of them wore regular clothes: white shirts with the sleeves rolled up, gray slacks, brown wool caps, leather work boots. Not yet. Must be doing sixteen knots, easy, said one of the stewards. It fluttered to the floor, the Star of David landing face up for all the world to see. Abbas was quoted in the three dailies stating: "I have decided to take national, legal and financial measures to protect our national project.". Tedros, the highest-ranking UN official, visited the country to check on earthquake victims. Mahmoud decides that he no longer wants to be ignored and leads the refugees out of the prison, walking twelve hours to Austria. Mahmoud Bishara, 12, lives in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015. By train? However, Mahmoud pulls Hana out of his mothers arms and someone takes her on board, saving her from drowning and the freezing water (many such travelers are unable to save themselves or their children. An hour later, they are stopped by four soldiers with automatic rifles. He leaped to his feet, grabbed the arm of one of the men carrying his father, and tried to pull him off. Together they hurried to the ramp as best they could, carrying all the suitcases. The way the content is organized. At last, he reached out and took the trumpet. Mahmoud waited for his brother to finish, then rolled up their mats and went back to Assuming we stop to sleep every night, thats a nineteen-day walk. Not so smart now, are you, pig? one of them had said. You made it! Change). Slowly, shakily, Josef lifted his eyes from the black shoes to the white socks, brown shorts, brown shirt, and red Nazi armband of a Hitler Youth. to accommodate the crowd. Who is the main character in the book Refugee? More police were arriving by motorcycle and military truck, and the protest was turning bloody. Amara laughed and Luis smiled. With the trumpet in one arm and the kitten in the other, she ran the few blocks to the beach, where she banged on the door of a fisherman her grandfather knew. His mother, father, little brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana barely manage to escape the . Isabel regretted that its brass was a little tarnished, but it was the most valuable thing she owned. She wont take up any room!, Whether you were visible or invisible, it was all about how other people reacted to you. Ivn and Seora Castillo grabbed the arms of the two policemen and pulled them on board, and they all collapsed into the bottom of the boat. He turned Josef this way and that, pointing out the curve of his nose, the slant of his chin. Teachers and parents! Josef couldnt think of any Jewish people he knew who did look like those pictures. LitCharts | Summary & Analysis All 1600 LitChart PDFs are available for immediate download (including Refugee). The other policeman shook out his long black hair, and Isabel was startled to realize it wasnt a policeman at all. Isabel caught up with her father and grandfather, then parted ways with them on the Malecn, the broad road that curved along the seawall on Havana Harbor. Josef felt his skin tingle. I understand. One of the stewards shook his head. At first Josef thought the teacher was going to ask him to do a math problem on the board. They walk to a bus stop and reach the Hungarian border. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." The concession stand man smiled. It was the last straw for the police. Come on, Evielets do the bathrooms on A-deck! The girls tore away, and Josef huffed. There was blood in his hair, and the area around one of his eyes was already turning black. A recent tally has placed the reported death toll for this journey across the Mediterranean at above 15,000 since only 2014,and the actual number is likely much higher). But it didn't work out. Refugee Important Quotes 1. Clothes, food, sports, movies, travel, school, opportunity. Mahmoud has already had a lot of experience dealing with the trauma of war, as the Syrian Civil War has already been raging for four years at the beginning of Mahmoud's story. Were against whoever is dropping the bombs on us, he said. In order to survive, Mahmoud learned to stay invisible. The old taxis exhaust pipe made a sound like a gunshotPOK!and everybody ducked instinctively. They were headed for Hamburg, on the north coast, where his father would meet them to board their ship. You should stand up for your country! A fist closed around Josefs heart, and he dove for the armband. Chabela, come on! Mami was already in the boat, and Papi was helping Ivn in. No, no, no, Lito said. Senora Castillo had mishandled the boat, which had landed up on the sand. Missiles and bombs thudded nearby, close enough to shake loose parts of walls. Your name must be Summer, because youre making me sweat! The girl smiled, but Isabels mother slapped Lito on the leg. His breath came quick and deep, and his hands clenched into fists. They were all quiet a moment more, until her father said, But I dont even have a boat. Isabel nodded. Josef and his sister followed their mother through the crowd at the Lehrter Bahnhof, Berlins main railway station. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Mahmoud took his younger brother by the hand, turned around, and found a different way home. Refugee by Alan Gratz Published by Scholastic Press on 2017 Genres: Immigration and Emigration Pages: 338