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Salt operators eventually hired more white or free-black laborers due to the risk of investing money in bondsmen, who frequently were killed or injured in the mines. Compares wage rates and hours of work for the WWI and WWII eras, focusing specifically on the manufacturing, mining, railroad, printing and maritime industries, as well as farm labor wages. Source: Missouri State Dept of Agriculture. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. Includes many brand names. Source: AAUP report, p. 162. It was a dreadful experience Booker T. Washington never forgot. More passenger air fares from other sources: Household items: Police department personnel salaries and wages. This risk increased enormously when inexperienced miners failed to undercut the coal before blasting and took the risk of shooting on the solid.. Prices are shown in Japanese yen. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . View object record Miner's hat, about 1930 Details the prices of appliances, furniture, and more household items on pp. Wages are shown in German marks. Source: The cost of living among wage-earners, Cincinnati OH, pp. Shows brand names. Report published in 1923 tells wages by race and by industry. Taken from Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 484. In some cases, when a shot backfired out of the hole, it ignited coal dust or gas in the miners room and sent fire bursting into the main tunnel, where it could burn or suffocate the mules and their drivers passing through. Read more Employment in coal mining industry in the United Kingdom (UK) 1920-2021 . Wages for workers engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel goods, machinery, railway rolling stock, boilers, vehicles, aircraft, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments and more. Broken out by men's and women's jobs. Shows average wages (with and without board) by province. The Miners' Strike of 1984 was a turning point in British history. Coal mining is a dangerous job requiring skill and judgment. 297. One task was to test for the build-up of flammable methane gas. Shows data for 12 cities located in NY, OH, PA and MA, including NYC, Boston, Philadelphia and more. Use "search in this text" feature to navigate (or contact us for assistance). In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Source: Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Vienna. Taken from the 1921 U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, starting on page 804. Source: BLS. Boys learned the mining craft from their fathers and later passed this knowledge on to their own sons. 514. Tomorrow night at 9pm PBSs American Experience will broadcast The Mine Wars, based on the book. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board using foreign government sources. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board (a group of industry associations) which used European government publications for information. 523. Shows pay tables based on years of service,for Army and Navygenerals, admirals, colonels, lieutenants, captains, ensigns, etc. Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, scene painters, stage hands, etc. This series of tables shows the wage distribution and average weekly wages of a variety of industries and occupations in Missouri in 1921. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. Includes both land and buildings. Tools and hardware: The 1920 Montgomery Ward mail order catalog showed the price of. Calvin & Hobbes creator Bill Watterson is back. Some stopped the cars by jamming pieces of wood into the spokes. Source: BLS, Shows the minimum hourly wages of various occupations in Brussels. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930), Shows the average wages of multiple occupation in the mining industry. His salary was paid entirely by coal companies. (Jack Corn/EPA) A ppalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industry's inception in the mid 19th century. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use), The American Twins, Harpers Weekly, 1874, African American History Curatorial Collective. Coal Miners Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginia's population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. HOUSING, FARMS and UTILITIES Infant's: MORE PRICES in the U.S. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages and hours of workers in 4 different industries in Madrid. The laborer's work is often made difficult by the water and rock which are found' in large quantities in coal veins. Chart indicates hourly earnings ranges for piecework at automobile manufacturing companies in Germany. Source: Shows pay for state carpenters, stage electricians, props men, show directors, agents, ushers and more. Shows the hourly and weekly wages for 12 principal industries throughout Germany. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, March 1932, The "Service Industries" chapter in this source breaks out wages paid to workers in hospitals, hotels, bowling alleys, theaters, parks, churches, country clubs, athletic clubs and yacht clubs, advertising agencies, banks, laundries, schools/colleges, and restaurants (making no distinction between waiters, cooks or bus boys). Compares to national averages. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920 162-207. The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. Boys discovered that serious men turned into jokers when they toiled underground. Source: This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others. Prices are shown in Mexican pesos. Source: Includes district-specific information and the average output of coal per person per shift. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. Owners claimed property rights and managerial entitlements over the workplace. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set Vol. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. by OCCUPATION NOTE: Forhouseholdincome data for 1929, we recommend a1934 Brookings Institution report titled America's Capacity to Consume. Copy. Wages are shown in German marks. Shows the daily wages for 11 different occupations in Parahyba, Brazil. Includes clam, lobster, oyster industries and more. Tables 6-13 show farm land prices by county in IA, MN, ND, ID, OH, KY, NC and TX. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs, clothing, and other necessities in Hungary. After workers had advanced the mine face to the end of the seam, veterans began the dangerous work of removing the massive coal pillars that stood between the rooms and helped support the mine top. Shows price list of one California retailer. Wages are shown in both Italian lire and contemporary U.S. dollars. Occupations included are limited before 1916. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. This website does a good job of organizing a complex topic. HEALTH CARE Source: BLS, Shows prices of dozens of food and grocery items, soap, coal, wood by the cord, matches by the box and, Shows the amount spent by a typical Canadian family on food, laundry, fuel/lighting, and rent over time. Since money wage rates of foreign countries have little meaning for economists in America, only the real wage rates are given.", Shows the average hourly and weekly wages of various occupations for both skilled and unskilled laborers. Published 1921. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Salary data for judges inNY, PA, NJ and CT. Shows wages for common and semi-skilled workers in manufacturing and construction industries, in baking, agriculture, metal and printing trades. Source: BLS, Shows wages of various industrial and agricultural gender, in both Romanian leu and contemporary U.S. dollars. Describes the labor policy of New Zealand in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Also tells pay for court clerks and marshals. Shows average wages by industry in both rubles and US currency. Miners spent their entire shift underground, taking lunch, drinks, and snacks with them. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. Lengthy article reports how much educators earned in Illinois' high schools in 1920-1921. Girl's: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. In West Virginias colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. Compares average retail prices for grocery items in independent stores and in chain stores. Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. West Virginias drift mines were cut into the mountains horizontally and its slope mines descended gradually into the earth. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. Frank Keeney left no account of how he felt the day he entered the mine portal, but one imagines the dread that might have accompanied a ten-year-old boys first trip into the hole. Managements steam whistle now set the times. See the. In 1927, "$30 per month was taken as the average minimum expenditure for rent in Boston for the [working class] family of four living on the American standard.". Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Besides know-how, the miners depended upon instinct and luck. On one hand, the miners discipline and death-defying courage made them ideal industrial soldiers; on the other hand, the qualities the men forged in underground combat with the elementsbravery, fraternal fealty, and group solidarityhardened them for aboveground combat with their employers. Pianos, violins, guitars & banjos, accordions, other musical instruments. The miners called this unpaid labor company work.. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations. Average weekly earnings of male and female workers in the British cotton industry are shown at four periods of time in 1924. In 1928, halfof all families had a combined family income of $2000 or less. Firedamp, described as the monster most dreaded by the practical miner, could explode if ignited by sparks or powder blasts, which would send fires raging through mine shafts with hurricane force. Source: This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. One-page table shows average charges for residential electricity each year from 1924-1934, for cities over 50,000 in population. Source: BLS. There is also a table showing, Shows the value of multiple currencies in US dollars in the years of. Wages are in contemporary US dollars. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. A miners compulsion to load as much coal as possible was tempered by experience, however. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more. For hours on end, a trapper boys ears would take in the strange sounds made by creaking timbers, rattling coal cars, clopping mules, and thudding blasts of explosions deep in the mine, while his eyes would behold surreal sights, like the white bones of ancient fish skeletons and the remains of tropical plants when they were illuminated by the miners lamps. Source: BLS. Compares average retail prices for "warehoused" name brand grocery items at independent and chain stores in Cincinnati. Source: BLS, Shows the retail price of various foodstuffs and other items in Prague following Czechoslovakian independence. "The fees and cost of books, instruments, board, room, laundry and incidentals will hardly be less than $400 per session of thirty-two weeks." 285, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. Literary giants have thoughts on the new edits to Roald Dahl's works. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. Source: Shows the daily or monthly wages of 13 occupations in the treaty port. Milk cost an average 33 per half gallon in 1920. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of masons, carpenters, stonecutters, painters, shoemakers, and tailors in each of the provincial capitals of Spain. The craftiness and deftness of the best colliers was most evident when they performed the riskiest task of all. Check the, Shows the daily rate of Utah coal mining workers in a variety of jobs and occupations. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages and hours of a variety of occupations in Madrid. This article reprinted from a January 1923 edition of, This source quotes medians (the mid-point, with 50% falling below the line), first quartiles (25% falling below) and third quartiles (75% falling below). Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other staple goods in the Mexican capital. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. Shows starting salary and increases granted based on marital status and number of children. The workday ended at 5:30 in the evening when the sunlight had already faded over the mountains. Following legal tradition, companies usually placed blame and responsibility for injuries on the workers. Details the price of various building materials on pp. Shows wages paid on American, Belgian, British, Danish, Dutch, French, Spanish and Swedish cargo ships, by occupations including seamen, engineers, first mates, second mates, radio operators, boatswains, firemen, coal passers, stewards, cooks, waiters, messmen, mess boys, carpenters, deck engineers, quartermasters, store keepers, donkey men, and more. Manufacturing wages -- SEE box further below. - Earnings, 1929, Farm workers' wages and income,1909-1938, Male farm labor average wages by state, 1929, Airplane pilot (commercial) - Salary, 1929, Barbers and hairdressers - Earnings, 1929, Baseball, major league - Player and umpiresalaries, 1929, Union wages in construction trades, 1913-1930, Union carpenter wages in selected cities for 1924-1925, Average hourly carpenter wage in U.S. for 1926, Carpenter wages for 1920-1928 for twelve major U.S. cities, Cement industry job wages and hours, 1929, Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933, Domestic (household) service - Male workers' wages, Executive salaries in private businesses, 1924, Teachers and principals' salaries by city, 1921-1922, School personnelsalaries by sex in selectedcities, 1926, Teacher's salaries by school level, 1924-1928, Illinois teachers salaries in high schools, 1920-1921, New York state teachers' salaries, 1920-1932, North Carolina teacher salaries by race, 1922, Texas school personnel salaries (white only), 1872-1953, Firemen and fire department salaries by city, 1927, Foundryand machine shop jobs - Wages and hours, 1923-1931, Administrative and supervisors pay in federal government, 1926, Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-193, Lumber industry job wages and hours, 1921-1932, Military pay for officers on active duty - 1926, Mining metals - Wages and hours, 1924 and 1931, Mining - anthracite and bituminous coal, 1922 and 1924, Metalliferous mining job wages and hours, 1924, Nursing - Average salaries for public health and institutional nurses, 1927, Petroleum industry - Wages by occupation and state,1920, Seamen and firemen on ocean ships - Wages, 1914-1918, Slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1921-1929, Street laborers (unskilled) - Wages and hours, 1928, Telegraph and cable industry - wages and salaries, 1922, Telephone industry - average compensation per employee, 1922, Typical fees charged for veterinary visits are described, 1926 annual salaries for individual veterinarians, Wages for thousands of occupations, indexed alphabetically - 1929, Manufacturing job hours and earnings, 1919-1960, Factory employee average annual wages - 1921, 1923, Industrial home work - Earnings, early 1920s, Automobile tire manufacturing wages, 1923, Motor vehicle industry job wages and hours, 1922-1928, Airplanes and aircraft engines manufacture - Hours and earnings, 1929, Boot, shoe, hosiery and underwear manufacturing wages, 1907-1920, Clothing (men's) manufacturing wages & hours, 1911-1932, Hosiery and underwear manufacturing - Wages & hours, 1907-1932, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing: 1910 to 1930, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1907-1922, Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1910-1931, Pottery industry job wages and hours, 1925, Paper box-board industry job wages and hours, 1926, Professional and business women - Salaries and income, 1927, Library assistants - Earnings by city, 1923, Women employed as cleaners, maids, and elevator operators in Washington DC, 1920, Women's wages in the candy industry in St. Louis and Chicago, 1920-1921, Women's wages in candy industry - St. Louis, 1920-1921, Women employed as household servants in Philadelphia - late 1920s, Women's wages, hours, and earnings - South Carolina, 1921, Women in Tennessee industries - Hours, wages and working conditions, 1925, Colorado - Wages by occupation and industry, 1928, Union workers' annual earnings - New Haven CT, 1927, Teenagers' wages by occupation and sex in Detroit, 1922, Wage in the Missouri shoe industry, 1913-1922, Public school employee salaries - New York City, 1928, Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932, Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927, Minimum wage laws of the U.S., construction and operation, 1921, Wages by occupation in Buenos Aires, 1926, Buenos Aries - Average Wages, 1922, 1926, 1928-1929, Minimum wages in Sydney and Melbourne, 1914 and 1921, Wages and cost of living in Austria, 1920, Farm help wages in Canadian provinces by sex, 1920s, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1920, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1921, Wages by occupation in Canadian provinces, 1924-26, Wages and hours of labour - Canada, 1920-1926, Wages in boot and shoe industries in France, 1924, "Real wages" in Germany by industry, 1923, Automobile manufacturing wages in Germany, 1929, Wages and hours in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924, average weekly earnings by industry and sex, Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1928, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1932, Agricultural trades - Minimum wage in Great Britain, 1920, Building trades - Wages by city in the UK, 1920, Iron and steel industry wages in Great Britain, 1926, Coal miner earnings in Great Britain, 1921-23, Judges of county courts (UK) - Salary, ca. Fascinating book that shows various imported items (such as kid gloves, bloomers, silk nightgown, men's pipe, electric flatiron, glass lamp, etc.) Source: U.S. Dept of Agriculture. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. By the 1940s, the United Mine Workers union had established better wages and somewhat safer conditions for miners, though a contentious relationship between workers and bosses persisted. Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. Source:Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. Wages are shown in 1930 US dollars. Mr. For easier browsing, the information is. Dining room furniture, silverware, dish sets. Shows the average weekly hours and hourly wages for workers in the boot and shoe industry. FromTHE DEVIL HERE IN THESE HILLS(Atlantic Monthly Press), now out in paperback. Despite significant danger, miners received little compensation for injuries. Still he ventures to be brave. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. When the smoke cleared, the collier and his buddy would swing their picks to break up large clumps of coal and shovel the smaller lumps into a mine car; it was back-aching work made more painful by the narrowness of the room. Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. Iowa farm houses averaged around 8 rooms and had an average value of $3,043. But the chorus of foreign languages confirmed managements fears that companies were slipping out of control. Compensationby job titlefor New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, San Francisco and more cities. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. Data is separated by sex and age. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. Believed to be the worst coal mine disaster ever, an explosion at the Bnxh mine in Liaoning province killed 1,549 people in 1942. In 1925, motor vehicles were scrapped at an average age of 6.5 years. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. He also learned not to scare the miners beloved pigeons or to be afraid of mine rats, because these creatures could sense danger coming before it struck.