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0000002009 00000 n (Grades Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. Key Facts & Information. What about P waves? Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. 0000001604 00000 n approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? 0000002094 00000 n gov For online instructions and current fees click here. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). (Grades 0 Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). 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A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. 0000001533 00000 n Focus. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. located 1,000 miles from the How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. The lag time for any Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Copyright 2023. Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. d>(ZvO= (Figure 3):. Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. If your seismograph station is Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. 2. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. %PDF-1.3 % Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. How does the lag time change as you get farther and Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. 1. (Grades Therefore, the lag As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . What data is used to determine magnitude? 6. 1. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! MS-ESS3-2. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Share with Classes. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. Details. These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. 0000030504 00000 n 0000005081 00000 n https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! 0000001861 00000 n An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. PDF. The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. You learned that seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter using the difference between S and P wave arrival times. Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. HTn0MmcHCB Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. $8.25. Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . Make changes to the sample. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. travel time for P waves. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. 0000008088 00000 n 0000002250 00000 n Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . You will receive your score and answers at the end. 0000055643 00000 n To complete the activity, some prior . Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. Figure 2. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. seismogram. 0000002507 00000 n For this activity, select the "Chile" box. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. 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