In certain instances, the instructor has no opportunity to assign preliminary work and must face the students for the first time. After the discussion develops, the instructor may ask a follow-up question to guide the discussion. An effective instructor understands what can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes the best use of the time available, allows enough time for what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too much for the allotted time, Management skills also come into play for the aviation instructor who is teaching a class of students. It can be used during classroom periods and preflight and postflight briefings. This type of summary is one of the most effective tools available to the instructor. As instructional aids, models are usually more practical than originals because they are lightweight and easy to manipulate, A mock-up is a three-dimensional or specialized type of working model made from real or synthetic materials. The extemporaneous presentation reflects the instructors personal enthusiasm and is more flexible than other methods. Instructional CDs and DVDs, in comparison, are perceived as much less exciting and less stimulating visually. If they are not written, they become subject to the fallibility of recall, interpretation, or loss of specificity with time, Performance-based objectives consist of three elements: description of the skill or behavior, conditions, and criteria. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. As mentioned in chapter 3, covering a subject in too much detail is as bad or worse than sketchy coverage. Although lecture and demonstration-performance may be the methods used most often, being aware of other methods and teaching tools such as guided discussion, cooperative learning, and computerassisted learning better prepares an instructor for a wide variety of teaching situations, Obviously, the aviation instructor is the key to effective teaching. When properly used, they help gain and hold the attention of students. The conclusion consists of the summary of the main points. A. similarity between the idea transmitted and the idea received. The most stressful aspect of becoming a flight instructor is usually passing . In these examples, the student leader or the instructor serves as a coach or facilitator who interacts with the group, as necessary, to keep it on track or to encourage everyone in the group to participate, Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people "learn by doing." Confusion, disinterest, and uneasiness on the part of the student could happen as a result of not knowing the. Decision-based training objectives allow for a more dynamic training environment and are ideally suited to scenario type training. The following four steps should be followed in the planning phase of preparation: Establishing the objective and desired outcomes, In all stages of preparing for the teaching lecture, the instructor should support any point to be covered with meaningful examples, comparisons, statistics, or testimony. When a student is able to perform according to well-defined standards, evidence of learning is apparent. Discussion questions should be easy for students to understand, put forth decisively by the instructor, and followed by silence. It can be a stand-alone software program that takes a learner from lecture to exam or it can be an interactive web-based course of instruction that involves a mixture of mandatory class attendance with e-mail discussions and assignments. For example, technology flight training devices and flight simulators are used by everyone from flight schools to major airlines, as well as the military. Meaningful transition from one main point to another keeps the students oriented, aware of where they have been, and where they are going. He is flying the four of them to the "big" football game. The alert reader has already noted that the conditions and criteria changed slightly during the development of these objectives, and that is exactly the way it will occur. Basic VOR/NDB radio navigation procedures are also perishable and could save lives if proficiency is maintained. Material composed on a computer word processing and graphics program can also be printed onto transparencies, The equipment can be placed at the front of the room, allowing the instructor to maintain eye contact with students. VR uses graphics with animation systems, sounds, and images to reproduce electronic versions of real-life experience. (1) Holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; (2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or (3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. azure resource types list Questions can be categorized by function and by characteristics. Those maneuvers requiring repetition may still be taught during concentrated settings. This short lecture is followed by instructor-student and student-student discussion, This method relies on discussion and the exchange of ideas. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate instructional aids that highlight and emphasize the main points or concepts, The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both time and capacity. A reverse question is a question asked by a learner and the instructor returns the question to the same learner for response. The selection of a graph for use in any given situation depends upon the type of information the instructor wants to convey, Charts, diagrams, and graphs can be used effectively to show relationships, chronological changes, distributions, components, and flow. It can be an enlargement, a reduction, or the same size as the original. When using CAL, the instructor should remain actively involved with the students by using close supervision, questions, examinations, quizzes, or guided discussions on the subject matter to constantly assess student progress, Simulation (the appearance of real life), role-playing (playing a specific role in the context of a real world situation), and video gaming have taken e-learning in new directions. While the instructor should have the answer in mind before asking the question, the students need to think about the question before answering. The lecture method is adaptable to many different settings, including small or large groups. Clearly defined training objectives that the student understands are essential to the teaching process regardless of the teaching technique used, Research into how people learn has led many experts to recommend ways to present lessons that keep the attention of a class. On the other hand, poorly constructed long sentences are difficult to follow and can easily become tangled. Often, instructors must improvise and adapt to the existing circumstances in order to incorporate quality instructional aids, Some of the most common and economical aids are chalk or marker boards, and supplemental print materials, including charts, diagrams, and graphs. Generally, instructional aids that are relatively simple are best suited for this purpose, In addition to helping students remember important information, instructional aids have other advantages. In addition, since each domain includes several educational or skill levels, training objectives may easily be adapted to a specific performance level of knowledge or skill. On the other hand, CAL is a useful tool for aviation instructors. B. want to escape from frustrating situations. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards in actual flight. Moreover, the student should feel a personal responsibility to contribute. [Figure 4-7], The purpose of the motivation element is to offer the students specific reasons why the lesson content is important to know, understand, apply, or perform concepts of Thorndikes law of readiness. These programs typically allow the students to select a test, complete the questions, and find out how they did on the test. The instructor must logically organize the material to show the relationships of the main points. For instance, scale replicas are often very expensive. nira rodeo standings 2021 10, Jun, 2022. country mart warsaw, mo weekly ad; In addition to the necessary steps, the instructor should describe the end result of these efforts. The objective formulated in the last few paragraphs, for instance, is a well-defined lesson objective from the task, Pilotage and Dead Reckoning, in the Private Pilot PTS, PTS hold an important position in aviation training curricula because they supply the instructor with specific performance objectives based on the standards that must be met for the issuance of a particular aviation certificate or rating. The instructor should treat everyone impartially, encourage questions, exercise patience and tact, and comment on all responses. An instructor should write performance-based objectives to fit the desired outcome of the lesson. Depending on the nature of the representation, cost can vary. Enhanced training materials that include these benchmarks can help aviation instructors complete, endorse, and document required training, For example, the training syllabi represent enhanced training material and contain provisions for instructor endorsements and recordkeeping. In many classrooms, students may not be able to see the lower half, Stand to one side of the board to avoid hiding the essential information, Adjust lighting as necessary to remove glare, Print media, including photographs, reproductions of pictures, drawings, murals, cartoons, and other print materials are valuable supplemental aids. In most instructional situations, the instructors explanation and demonstration activities are alternated with student performance efforts. One cautionthe instructional aid should keep student attention on the subject; it should not be a distracting gimmick, Clearly, a major goal of all instruction is for the student to be able to retain as much knowledge of the subject as possible, especially the key points. An effective aviation instructor uses the maneuver-based approach of the PTS but presents the objectives in a scenario situation, It has been found that flight students using SBT methods demonstrate stick-and-rudder skills equal to or better than students trained under the maneuver-based approach only. The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. At times, instructors may feel that they are doing more one-on-one instruction than in a normal classroom setting, but repetitive forms of teaching may be accomplished by computer. To achieve desired learning outcomes through the lecture method, an instructor needs considerable skill in speaking, As indicated in chapter 2, a students rate of retention drops off significantly after the first 10-15 minutes of a lecture and improves at the end. Therefore, it is essential that the information be arranged in useful bits or chunks for effective coding, rehearsal, or recording. The instructors tools are teaching methods. There are several points at which assessments can be made: before training, during training, and after training. If it is a classroom presentation, the student may be asked to explain the new material. In addition, the coverage should be straightforward and factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall. Notes may be written legibly or typed, and they should be placed where they can be consulted easily, or held, if the instructor walks about the room. For the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. Ac lectus vel risus suscipit sit amet hendrerit a venenatis. He has turned this knowledge into practical knowledge utilized in the teaching process. For example, a laboratorytype environment may be configured with separate study areas for each student. They also should be meaningful to the student, lead to the desired behavioral or learning objectives, and provide appropriate reinforcement. The video adds a multimedia element to the lecture, is a good attention getter, and can be used to visually demonstrate the learning objective, Even the most knowledgeable instructor must properly organize the material. Whatever the setting, instructors need to learn how to effectively use them, For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the communicative process. For example, major aircraft manufacturers have developed CAL programs to teach aircraft systems and maintenance procedures to their employees, reducing the amount of manpower necessary to train aircrews and maintenance technicians on the new equipment. Unlike younger students, no law requires they attend school, they are paying for the training, and they expect the instructor to make wise use of their time, To manage time well, it is important that an instructor look at the time available and plan how to use the time to achieve the lesson goals. Defining a "good instructor" has proven more elusive, but in The Essence of Good Teaching (1985), psychologist Stanford C. Ericksen wrote "good teachers select and organize worthwhile course material, lead students to encode and integrate this material in memorable form, ensure competence in the procedures and methods of a discipline, sustain intellectual curiosity, and promote how to learn independently", Much research has been devoted to trying to discover what makes a "good" or effective instructor. Comprehensive examples of the desired learning outcomes, or behaviors, should be included in the standards. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. We've gotten all sophisticated over the years and refer to that sort of thing as flight maneuvering tasks. By being well prepared, an effective instructor presents and applies lesson material, and also periodically assesses how well the learner is learning. A brief introductory lecture can give direction and purpose to a demonstration or prepare students for a discussion by telling them something about the subject matter to be covered, In a lecture, the instructor can present many ideas in a relatively short time. Consequently, it is more commonly used in lecturing than in guided discussion, The instructor who wants to phrase a question for followup purposes may choose the overhead type. The overhead question is directed to the entire group to stimulate thought and response from each group member. Manage and monitor all flight systems and electrical in-flight . In recent years, video (VHS, compact disks (CDs), digital video disks (DVDs), or computer files), and computer slide shows incorporating text, graphics, video, and animations, have pushed aside traditional training aids. The objectives must be written. It could be a private pilot certificate, an instrument rating, or an AMT certificate or rating. The area of the picture or object is limited to approximately 10 inches by 10 inches, Items which may be projected are practically limitless. While researching, the instructor should always be alert for ideas on the best way to tailor a lesson for a particular group of students. Flight Instructor Responsibilities. [Figure 4-12] E-learning comes in many formats. This research has revealed that effective instructors come in many forms, but they generally possess four essential teaching skills: people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills. Frequently, good organization and natural patterns of logic dictate the sequence. Flight instructors in particular must be aware of this problem since students often do a lot of their practice without an instructor. The willingness to look for ways to match student learning styles to personal instructional style is another element of effective instruction, A subject matter expert (SME) is a person who possesses a high level of expertise, knowledge, or skill in a particular area. Generally, the syllabus contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. More often, the assessment is formal and results recorded to certify the students progress in the course. Availability, feasibility, or cost may impose realistic limitations. After the presentation, the instructor should allow time for questions and a summary of key points, Computer-generated slide shows have changed the way information is presented to todays student. A typical system consists of a CD or DVD and a computer. The effective instructor is able to interpret the meaning of these reactions and adjust the lesson accordingly. Sequencing also can be enhanced simply by using overlays on transparencies, stripping techniques on charts and chalk or marker boards, and by imaginative use of magnetic boards. [Figure 4-2] This topic is discussed in detail in Chapter 5, Assessment, While many of the characteristics of effective instructors discussed in the previous paragraphs hold true for any instructor, the aviation instructor has the added responsibility of molding an aviation citizena pilot or maintenance technician the instructor feels confident will be an asset to the rest of the aviation community. Finally, lectures may be combined with other teaching methods to give added meaning and direction, The lecture method of teaching needs to be very flexible since it may be used in different ways. Instructors need not refer to another document to evaluate student performance. This motivation should appeal to each student personally and engender a desire to learn the material, Every lesson introduction should contain an overview that tells the group what is to be covered during the period.
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